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The World's Deadliest Drug: Krokodil's Legacy

Diana in the flat where she's living with her grandmother. Her mother Zhanna died in 2015 due to the long use of Krokodil.
Diana, Zhanna’s daughter, lives with her grandmother Lyudmila in an apartment in Yekaterinburg, Russia. (Emanuele Satolli)
Oxana has been lying in bed for the past one year and half with her back permanently damaged. The high use of Krokodil damaged her mussels and her spine. Despite several surgeries she can't seat or stand. Her condition has also been worsened by her father's beatings who couldn't cope with her constant request for money to buy drug.
Oxana has been confined to a bed for more than 18 months after her use of the drug known as krokodil damaged her muscles. Photographer Emanuele Satolli first met Oxana in 2013 when she was still using the drug. Yekaterinburg, Russia. (Emanuele Satolli)
Provided by Meredith Corporation
Oxana has been lying in bed for the past one year and half with her back permanently damaged. The high use of Krokodil damaged her mussels and her spine. Despite several surgeries she can't seat or stand and leaving the bed.
Oxana has now stopped using the drug known as krokodil. Yekaterinburg, Russia. (Emanuele Satolli)
Oxana's wedding photo. After her husband died for drug abuse Oxana and her son went to live with he parents. The other picture is a portrait of Yevgeny Roizman, the founder of "City without Drugs" organization and the current mayor of Yekaterinburg.
After her husband, pictured here in a wedding photograph, died from drug abuse Oxana and her son went to live with her parents. Yekaterinburg, Russia. (Emanuele Satolli)
Oxana has been lying in bed for the past one year and half with her back permanently damaged. The high use of Krokodil damaged her mussels and her spine. Despite several surgeries she can't seat or stand. Her condition has also been worsened by her father's beatings who couldn't cope with her constant request for money to buy drug.
Despite several surgeries on her legs and spine, Oxana says she’s too weak to stand up. (Emanuele Satolli)
Olga is buried in a cemetery in Uralmash district next to her relatives. She died in 2015 due to her liver failure after a long use of Krokodil.
Olga, one of the krokodil drug users that photographer Emanuele Satolli met in 2013, is buried next to her relatives in a cemetery in the Uralmash district of Yekaterinburg, Russia. She died in 2015 due to liver failure. (Emanuele Satolli)
Lyudmila in her flat in Uralmash district. Her daughter Zhanna died in 2015 due to the long use of Krokodil. Lyudmila is now living with her granddaughter.
Lyudmila’s daughter, Zhanna, died in 2015 after using the drug known as krokodil. She now lives with her granddaughter, Diana. Yekaterinburg, Russia. (Emanuele Satolli)
Alexei is buried in a cemetery on the outskirt of Yekaterinburg. He died in 2015 because of the large use of Krokodil that reduced drastically his immune system.
Alexei, another user of the drug known as krokodil that photographer Emanuele Satolli met in 2013, is buried in a cemetery on the outskirt of Yekaterinburg, Russia. Alexei died in 2015. (Emanuele Satolli)
Natalya in the flower shop where she's working. His boy friend Alexei died in 2015 because of the large use of Krokodil that reduced drastically his immune system.
Natalya, shown here in the flower shop where she's working, was dating Alexei when he was using the drug known as krokodil. Alexei died in 2015. (Emanuele Satolli)
Pavel and Alexei together in a picture taken about ten years ago. The two brothers have used Krokodil for several years. According to Pavel he quit completely after he was close to die for the third time. His brother Alexey died in 2015.
Alexei is shown here with his brother Pavel. The two brothers used the drug known as krokodil for several years. After Alexei’s death in 2015, Pavel quit using. (Emanuele Satolli)
Pavel, a former krokodil user, quit completely to take drugs about two years ago. According to him after he was close to die for the third time in his life.
Pavel, a former user of the drug known as krokodil, quit two years ago. (Emanuele Satolli)
Due to the prolonged use of Krokodil Pavel has undergone numerous surgeries to remove the infected flesh. He quit completely to take drugs about two years ago, according to him ,after he was close to die for the third time in his life.
Pavel had to undergo several surgeries to remove the gangrenous flesh, leaving scars on his legs. (Emanuele Satolli)
Due to the prolonged use of Krokodil Pavel has undergone numerous surgeries to remove the infected flesh. He quit completely to take drugs about two years ago, according to him ,after he was close to die for the third time in his life.
Pavel had to undergo several surgeries to remove the gangrenous flesh, leaving scars on his legs. (Emanuele Satolli)
The building where Ilya and Natalya used to live and cook Krokodil. According to their neighbours they disappeared all of a sudden in 2014.
Ilya and Natalya, two users of the drug known as krokodil that photographer Emanuele Satolli met in 2013, used to live in this building in Yekaterinburg, Russia. According to neighbors they both left in 2014. (Emanuele Satolli)
Andrey affected with tuberculosis is in the hospital for over two months. The treatment he is undergoing affects seriously his liver already damaged from a long use of Krokodil.
Andrey is a former user of the drug known as krokodil. He has since been diagnosed with tuberculosis. (Emanuele Satolli)
Andrey affected with tuberculosis is in the hospital for over two months. The treatment he is undergoing affects seriously his liver already damaged from a long use of Krokodil.
Andrey’s treatment for his tuberculosis is damaging his liver, he says, which had already been harmed by his use of the drug known as krokodil. (Emanuele Satolli)
Andrey affected with tuberculosis lies in a hospital bed. The treatment he is undergoing is affecting seriously his liver already damaged from a long use of Krokodil.
Andrey sits on a hospital bed. (Emanuele Satolli)
Empty boxes of syringes distributed by Chance Plus an organization that support drug users in the region affected with HIV and other infectious disease ensuring the access to health services and providing legal consultations.
Empty boxes of syringes distributed by Chance Plus, an organization that provides health services to drug users affected with HIV or other infectious disease. (Emanuele Satolli)
Ivan, a former drug addicted, currently works helping drug users. According to him about 90 percent of the people in the region who have used Krokodil have died. He called it 'a real epidemic'.
Ivan, a recovering drug addict, now works to help other drug users. He says that the use of the drug known as krokodil was a "real epidemic." (Emanuele Satolli)
Lyudmila Vince in her office in Chance Plus, an organization that support drug users. According to Lyudmila in the region despite its not very long presence in the market Krokodil killed more people than heroin appeared right after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Lyudmila Vince in her office at Chance Plus, an organization that supports drug users. Lyudmila claims that more people died because of the drug known as Krokodil than from heroin. (Emanuele Satolli)
A man who has just received syringes and condoms from Chance Plus, an organization that support drug users in the region affected with HIV and other infectious disease ensuring the access to health services and providing legal consultations.
A man carries syringes and condoms he received from Chance Plus, an organization that supports drug users. (Emanuele Satolli)
The following photographs were taken in Yekaterinburg, Russia in 2013.Alexei, age 33, injects a dose of krokodil. Because of his dependence on krokodil, Alexei has injuries and swelling around his feet and is forced to walk with a cane.
The following photographs were taken in Yekaterinburg, Russia in 2013. Alexei, age 33, injects a dose of krokodil. Because of his dependence on krokodil, Alexei has injuries and swelling around his feet and is forced to walk with a cane. (Emanuele Satolli)
A stage of krokodil preparation. Pills of codeine are crushed and mixed with iodine, hydrochloric acid and other chemicals.
A stage of krokodil preparation. Pills of codeine are crushed and mixed with iodine, hydrochloric acid and other chemicals. (Emanuele Satolli)
Olya, 35 years old, injects krokodil.
Olya, 35 years old, injects krokodil. (Emanuele Satolli)
Pavel, 31 years old, shows the effects of the krokodil on his skin. The chemicals used to prepare krokodil cause deep wounds and sores.
Pavel, 31 years old, shows the effects of the krokodil on his skin. The chemicals used to prepare krokodil cause deep wounds and sores. (Emanuele Satolli)
A view from the top of Yekaterinburg. The city, the regional capital, has about 1.5 million inhabitants and was the first Russian city in Asia. About 80 percent of the population of the region lives in Yekaterinburg. Registered drug addicts number about 40,000.
A view from the top of Yekaterinburg. The city, the regional capital, has about 1.5 million inhabitants and was the first Russian city in Asia. About 80 percent of the population of the region lives in Yekaterinburg. Registered drug addicts number about 40,000. (Emanuele Satolli)
Zhanna, 34 years old, is out in the Uralmash district about thirty minutes after she has taken krokodil.
Zhanna, 34 years old, is out in the Uralmash district about thirty minutes after she has taken krokodil. (Emanuele Satolli)
A stage of krokodil's preparation.
A stage of krokodil's preparation. (Emanuele Satolli)
Andrey, 43 years old, injects Zhanna with krokodil in his apartment in the Uralmash district.
Andrey, 43 years old, injects Zhanna with krokodil in his apartment in the Uralmash district. (Emanuele Satolli)
Zhanna, under the influence of krokodil, tries to relax.
Zhanna, under the influence of krokodil, tries to relax. (Emanuele Satolli)
Andrey scratches out the desomorphine left on the pot.
Andrey scratches out the desomorphine left on the pot. (Emanuele Satolli)
Andrey prepares the pills containing codeine. The main ingredient of krokodil is desomorphine, an opiate that is obtained through the synthesis of codeine.
Andrey prepares the pills containing codeine. The main ingredient of krokodil is desomorphine, an opiate that is obtained through the synthesis of codeine. (Emanuele Satolli)
Zhanna checks the krokodil while it cooks.
Zhanna checks the krokodil while it cooks. (Emanuele Satolli)
Zhanna, under the influence of krokodil, tries to get up while Andrey drains the water from a pot to obtain dry sulfur.
Zhanna, under the influence of krokodil, tries to get up while Andrey drains the water from a pot to obtain dry sulfur. (Emanuele Satolli)
Andrey injects krokodil, with Zhanna in the background already under the influence of the drug.
Andrey injects krokodil, with Zhanna in the background already under the influence of the drug. (Emanuele Satolli)
Zhanna, under the influence of krokodil, lies down on the couch.
Zhanna, under the influence of krokodil, lies down on the couch. (Emanuele Satolli)
A woman walks at night on a street in Yekaterinburg during a snow storm.
A woman walks at night on a street in Yekaterinburg during a snow storm. (Emanuele Satolli)
Oxana, 33 years old, cooks krokodil.
Oxana, 33 years old, cooks krokodil. (Emanuele Satolli)
Oxana injects krokodil.
Oxana injects krokodil. (Emanuele Satolli)
The codeine is boiled in a closed bottle for a few minutes as part of the preparation of krokodil.
The codeine is boiled in a closed bottle for a few minutes as part of the preparation of krokodil. (Emanuele Satolli)
Alexey, 30 years old, blows air in a bottle to push the liquid through a filter and use it to prepare the krokodil.
Alexey, 30 years old, blows air in a bottle to push the liquid through a filter and use it to prepare the krokodil. (Emanuele Satolli)
From the left, Alexey, Natalya, 34 years old, and her husband Ilya, 34 years old, prepare krokodil in a kitchen.
From the left, Alexey, Natalya, 34 years old, and her husband Ilya, 34 years old, prepare krokodil in a kitchen. (Emanuele Satolli)
A dose of krokodil is ready to be injected.
A dose of krokodil is ready to be injected. (Emanuele Satolli)
Alexey injects krokodil. The effect of the drug lasts about 40 minutes.
Alexey injects krokodil. The effect of the drug lasts about 40 minutes. (Emanuele Satolli)
Alexey lies in bed soon after haven taken the krokodil.
Alexey lies in bed soon after haven taken the krokodil. (Emanuele Satolli)
Elman, 40 years old, displays the injuries on his legs which hes says were caused by the use of krokodil and methadone.
Elman, 40 years old, displays the injuries on his legs which hes says were caused by the use of krokodil and methadone. (Emanuele Satolli)

Three years later, photographer Emanuele Satolli reunites with the survivors of the Krokodil drug epidemic